| Raw material preparation | Apple variety, firmness, defect level, storage condition and natural Brix. | Changes washing, sorting, trimming, crushing, yield and waste handling. |
| Core extraction or pulping | Hammer crushing, enzyme treatment, belt press yield, clarification and filtration. | Controls the main machine group and downstream pump, tank and screen requirements. |
| Heat treatment | Plate or tubular pasteurization depending on pulp level and package. | Viscosity, particles, pH and shelf-life target decide plate, tubular or tube-in-tube equipment. |
| Concentration | Concentrate target Brix, aroma protection and evaporator selection. | Evaporation is a major cost and utility driver when target Brix is high. |
| Filling system | Bottle, hot-fill, chilled, aseptic drum or bulk tank. | Aseptic, hot-fill, bottle, pouch, can and jar routes use different sanitary logic. |
| Utilities and automation | Steam, power, compressed air, cooling water, CIP and PLC level. | Utilities and control scope often decide the real installed cost. |